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Born in
1631: Adam Adamandy Kochański, Polish mathematician
1802: Niels Henrik Abel, Norwegian mathematician
1858: Hermann Kobold, German astronomer
1866: Carl Dietrich Harries, German chemist
1873: Kurt Arndt, German chemist
1920: Eleonore Trefftz, German mathematician and physicist
1923: Jack D. Dunitz, British chemist
1925: Albert Eschenmoser, Swiss chemist
1946: Shirley Ann Jackson, American physicist

Deceased
1614: Matthias Anomäus, German pedagogue, mathematician and physician
1872: Charles Eugène Delaunay, French mathematician and astronomer
1905: Julius Ernst Wilhelm Stinde, German chemist, writer and journalist died in Olsberg.
1910: Julius Peter Christian Petersen, Danish mathematician
1957: Heinrich Otto Wieland died in Munich. The German chemist received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1927 "for his research on the composition of bile acid and related substances".
1983: Bart J. Bok, American astronomer
2003: Heinz Krekeler, German chemist and politician
2005: Hans Faillard, German Professor of Biochemistry and Physiological Chemistry

1845: The Russian Geographical Society is founded as a scholarly society in Saint Petersburg.
1991: Tim Berners-Lee presents the project World Wide Web as a hypertext service on the Internet in a contribution to the newsgroup alt.hypertext.

Born in
1667: Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician
1741: John Wilson, British mathematician
1766: William Hyde Wollaston, British physician, physicist and chemist
1795: Heinrich Rose, German mineralogist and analytical chemist
1895: Johann Frers, German chemist
1947: Rainer Altherr, German mineralogist, geochemist and petrologist

Deceased
1688: Georg Samuel Dörffel, German theologian and astronomer
1753: Georg Wilhelm Richmann, German physicist
1816: Antonio Cagnoli, Italian astronomer
1879: Johann von Lamont, Scottish-German astronomer and physicist
1912: Ernst Becker, German astronomer
1925: Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro, Italian mathematician
1937: Alfred Wilm, German chemist and metallurgist
1998: André Weil, French mathematician

1912: During an ascent in a balloon, the physicist Victor Franz Hess notices a change he calls cosmic radiation. This makes him the discoverer of cosmic radiation.

Born in
1802: Germain Henri Hess, Russian chemist of Swiss origin
1811: Elias Loomis, US-American mathematician, meteorologist and astronomer
1878: Wilhelm Ruhland, German botanist
1889: Léon Brillouin, French physicist

Deceased
1782: Andreas Sigismund Marggraf, German chemist
1848: Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Swedish chemist, is considered the father of modern chemistry.

1576: The Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe notes the laying of the foundation stone of his observatory Uraniborg on the island of Ven.

Born in
1748: Johann Friedrich Gmelin, German botanist, zoologist and chemist
1754: Hipólito Ruiz López, Spanish botanist
1772: Wilhelm August Lampadius, German metallurgist
1846: Alfred Mathieu Giard, French biologist
1901: Ernest O. Lawrence, US-American nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize winner, inventor of the cyclotron
1902: Paul Dirac, British physicist, Nobel Prize winner and co-founder of quantum physics
1914: Paul Ledoux, Belgian astronomer and astrophysicist
1922: Alberto Granado, Cuban biochemist, Che Guevara's travel companion
1928: Martha Chase, US Molecular Biologist
1931: Roger Penrose, British mathematician and theoretical physicist

Deceased
1694: Antoine Arnauld, French philosopher, linguist and theologian, logician and mathematician
1897: Victor Meyer, German chemist
1908: Alfred Mathieu Giard, French biologist
1942: Rudolf Abel, German bacteriologist
1951: Charles Hitchcock Adams, US-American chemist, timber merchant and amateur astronomer
2007: Julius Wess, Austrian physicist, co-discoverer of supersymmetry
2012: Fay Ajzenberg-Selove, US experimental nuclear physicist

1896: The aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal crashes during a flight in Stölln on the Gollenberg in Havelland and dies the following day of his injuries.

Born in
1685: Claude-Joseph Geoffroy, French botanist, mycologist and pharmacist
1776: Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro. Italian chemist and physicist born in Turin.
1846: Ludwig Darmstaedter, German chemist and science historian.
1850: Johann Büttikofer, Swiss zoologist
1861: Dorothea Klumpke, US-American astronomer
1861: Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz, German astronomer
1892: S. R. Ranganathan, Indian mathematician and librarian
1896: Erich Hückel born in Berlin. His achievements include the quantetheoretical investigation of benzene (Hückel rule) and work in the field of electrochemistry (Debye-Hückel theory).
1911: William Alfred Fowler, American physicist, Nobel Prize winner
1942: Ernst-Günter Afting, German biochemist

Deceased
1899: Edward Frankland, English chemist, died in Goola (Norway) during a holiday. His work laid the foundation for the theory of valence electrons.
1969: Cecil Powell, British atomic physicist, Nobel Prize winner
1992: Friedrich Wille, German mathematician and university teacher

Born in
1602: Gilles Personne de Roberval, French mathematician
1673: Johann Konrad Dippel, German alchemist, physician and theologian
1797: Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini, German botanist
1800: Otto August Rosenberger, German astronomer
1852: Frédéric Kastner, French physicist, inventor of the pyrophone
1859: Georg Alexander Pick, Austrian mathematician
1884: Robert Wichard Pohl, German physicist
1902: Arne Tiselius, Swedish chemist and Nobel Prize winner
1913: Wolfgang Paul, German physicist and Nobel Prize winner
1925: Stanislav Brebera, Czech chemist

Deceased
1802: Franz Ulrich Theodor Aepinus, German physicist and natural philosopher
1846: Christian Ludwig Ideler, German astronomer
1895: Felix Hoppe-Seyler, German chemist and physiologist
1915: Henry Moseley, British physicist
1929: Pierre Fatou, French mathematician
1931: Richard Wettstein, Austrian botanist
1941: Mario Amadori, Italian pharmaceutical chemist and university lecturer
1949: Homer Burton Adkins, US-American chemist
1955: Hans Andersag, German chemist
1960: Oswald Veblen, US-American mathematician
1976: Josef Mattauch, German physicist
1979: Walther Gerlach, German physicist
2002: Kristen Nygaard, Norwegian mathematician, pioneer of programming languages
2005: Jaroslav Koutecký, Czech Professor of Physical Chemistry

Born in
1713: Christlieb Ehregott Gellert, German metallurgist and mineralogist
1787: Johann Gottlieb Nörrenberg, German physicist
1836: Cato Maximilian Guldberg, Norwegian mathematician and chemist
1843: Ernst Becker, German astronomer
1856: Hermann Ernst Ludwig Viktor Ambronn, German botanist and physicist
1860: Ludwig Heck, German biologist and zoo director
1860: Arthur von Weinberg, German chemist and entrepreneur
1861: Albert Boehringer, German chemical and pharmaceutical entrepreneur (Boehringer Ingelheim)
1905: Erwin Chargaff, American biochemist and writer
1912: Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs, German astronomer
1926: Aaron Klug, British molecular biologist, Nobel Prize winner
1931: Daniele Amati, Italian theoretical particle physicist

Deceased
1577: Hartmann Beyer, German mathematician, theologian and reformer
1578: Pedro Nunes, Portuguese mathematician and astronomer
1854: Macedonio Melloni, Italian physicist
1892: Enrico Betti, Italian mathematician and engineer
1921: Emil Knoevenagel, German chemist
1955: Robert Williams Wood, US-American experimental physicist
1957: Rudolf Weigl, Polish biologist and physician
1961: Ion Barbu, Romanian writer and mathematician
1972: Max Theiler, US-American biologist
1973: Karl Ziegler, German chemist and Nobel Prize winner
1995: Alonzo Church, US-American mathematician
2001: Rudolf Pressberger, Austrian astronomer and technician

Born in
1801: Carl August von Steinheil, German physicist, astronomer, optician and entrepreneur
1862: Martin Brendel, German astronomer
1875: Phokion Naoúm, German explosives chemist
1887: Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist and science theorist, Nobel Prize winner
1897: Otto von Struve, Russian-US-American astronomer
1919: Margaret Burbidge, British astrophysicist
1929: Hans-Dieter Söling, German biochemist
1957: Martin Aeschlimann, Swiss physicist

Deceased
1865: William Jackson Hooker, British botanist
1900: James Edward Keeler, US-American astrophysicist
1921: Caspar Isenkrahe, German mathematician, physicist and natural philosopher
1927: Carl Pulfrich, German physicist and optician
1946: Alfred Stock, German chemist
1955: James Batcheller Sumner, US biochemist, Nobel Prize winner
1957: Ludwig Kratz, German chemist
1978: Gregor Wentzel, German physicist
1979: Ernst Boris Chain, British biochemist and Nobel Prize winner
1989: William B. Shockley, American physicist and Nobel Prize winner
2007: Ralph Alpher, US-American physicist

1596: David Fabricius is the first to notice the variability of the star Omikron Ceti in the constellation Walvis, which changes its brightness over a period of 331 days, whereby it becomes clearly visible at the maximum and invisible to the naked eye at the minimum. Because of this strange behavior he calls the star Mira, the "miraculous one".

Born
1625: Erasmus Bartholin, Danish mathematician, physicist and medical doctor
1814: Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish astronomer and physicist
1815: Eduard August von Regel, German gardener and botanist
1857: Henri Pittier, Swiss natural scientist and biologist
1861: Herbert H. Turner, British astronomer and seismologist
1867: Arthur Eichengrün, German chemist
1872: Richard Willstätter, German chemist
1905: Friedrich Franz Bolle, German botanist
1927: Dietrich Falke, German medical microbiologist and professor

Deceased
1784: Jean François Clément Morand, French chemist, mineralogist and physician
1822: Jean-Robert Argand, mathematician
1896: Ludwig Seidel, German mathematician and astronomer
1907: Hermann Carl Vogel, German astronomer and physicist
1917: Eduard Buchner, German chemist

Born in
1688: Johann Leonhard Rost, German poet and astronomer
1777:Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish physicist and chemist born in Rudkøbing. He isolated piperidine, produced aluminium and discovered the magnetic effect of electric current.
1842: Jean Gaston Darboux, French mathematician
1850: W. W. Rouse Ball, English mathematician and mathematical historian
1861: Eugen Schilling, German chemist and industrialist, born in Munich.
1890: Bruno Emil Tesch, German chemist, entrepreneur and war criminal, born in Berlin. In the Second World War he delivered large quantities of Zyklon B to Auschwitz in full consciousness to kill people with it. In 1946 he was sentenced to death and executed in the Testa trial.
1924: Robert Kemp Adair, US-American physicist
1933:Richard R. Ernst, Swiss chemist and Nobel Prize winner, born in Winterthur. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1991 for his pioneering work in the field of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Died
330 BC: Kiddinu, Chaldean astronomer and mathematician
1941:Paul Sabatier, French chemist and Nobel laureate, died in Toulouse. He received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1912 for his work on the hydrogenation of organic compounds on finely divided metals.
1958: Frédéric Joliot-Curie, French physicist and chemist, died in Paris. In 1935 he and his wife received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the synthesis of a radionuclide by bombarding aluminium with alpha particles.
2012: Sergei Kapitsa, Russian physicist

Born in
1744: Conrad Moench, German pharmacist, chemist and botanist
1865: Hantaro Nagaoka, Japanese physicist
1887: Paul Willard Merrill, US-American astronomer
1892: Louis Victor de Broglie, French physicist and Nobel Prize winner
1893: Leslie John Comrie, New Zealand astronomer and mathematician
1896: Gerty Cori, US biochemist, Nobel Prize winner
1915: Amron Harry Katz, US-American physicist and aerial reconnaissance specialist

Deceased
1758: Pierre Bouguer, French geodesist and astronomer
1798: Edward Waring, British mathematician
1852: Johan Gadolin, Finnish chemist
1911: Albert Ladenburg, German chemist
1923: Hans Friedrich Geitel, German physicist
1953: Ludwig Prandtl, German physicist
1982: Hugo Theorell, Swedish biochemist and Nobel Prize winner
2004: Sune Bergström, Swedish biochemist, Nobel Prize winner

Born in
1736: Valentin Rose the Elder, German Pharmacist and Assessor
1845: Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg physicist and Nobel Prize winner
1892: Paul Hatvani, Austrian writer, chemist and translator
1904: Wendell Meredith Stanley, US-American chemist, biochemist, virologist and Nobel Prize winner

Deceased
1705: Jakob I. Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and physicist
1836: Marc-Antoine Parseval, French mathematician
1887: Julius von Haast, German geologist, natural scientist and explorer
1912: Carl Prüssing, German chemist and cement manufacturer
1920: Joseph Norman Lockyer, British astrophysicist
1957: Irving Langmuir, US-American chemist, physicist and Nobel Prize winner

Born in
1699: Bernard de Jussieu, French botanist

Deceased
1807: Johannes Nikolaus Tetens, German philosopher, mathematician and natural scientist
1886: Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov, Russian chemist
1910: Julian Treumann, German chemist
1978: Hans Wolter, German physicist

1868: During the observation of the total solar eclipse of 18 August 1868 in India, the French astronomer Pierre Jules César Janssen discovered the chemical element helium.
1877: The US astronomer Asaph Hall discovers the moon Phobos.
1933: The Volksempfänger is presented at the Berlin Funkausstellung.

Born in
1494: Johann Scheubel, German mathematician
1577: Ambrosius Rhode, German mathematician, astronomer and physician
1685: Brook Taylor, British mathematician
1748: Pierre Sonnerat, French scientist and world traveller
1890: Erich Kamke, German mathematician
1923: Rudolf Schulten, physicist and nuclear technologist
1932: Luc Montagnier, French virologist and Nobel Prize winner
1944: Reinhold Böhme, German mathematician

Deceased
1652: Florimond de Beaune, French mathematician
1777: Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben, German natural scientist
1907: John Kerr, Scottish physicist
1960: Carlo Emilio Bonferroni, Italian mathematician
1994:Richard Laurence Millington Synge, British chemist, died in Norwich. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1952 for his work on distribution chromatography.

1839: The painter and inventor L.J.M. Daguerre presented the first useful photographic method, the daguerreotype, to the Paris Academy of Sciences and at the same time to the public.
1960: Sputnik 5 starts into orbit with the two bitches Belka and Strelka as well as several mice and plants on board and lands safely on earth again the next day.

Born in
1539: Andreas Schato, German mathematician, physicist and physician
1646: John Flamsteed, English astronomer
1721: Philipp Friedrich Gmelin, German physician, botanist and chemist
1745: Johan Gottlieb Gahn, Swedish chemist
1808: James Nasmyth, British engineer and astronomer
1830: Lothar Meyer, German physician and chemist
1891: Milton Lasell Humason, US-American astronomer
1924: Willard Boyle, Canadian physicist and Nobel Prize winner
1929: Gerd Wedler, German chemist
1939: Alan Baker, British mathematician

Deceased
1662: Blaise Pascal, French philosopher, physicist and mathematician
1994: Linus Carl Pauling, US-American chemist

1885: The astronomer Ernst Hartwig observes the supernova S Andromedae (SN 1885A) in the Andromeda Nebula at the Estonian Tartu Observatory.
1960: The dogs "Belka" and "Strelka", who had been shot into space the day before, are the first living creatures to return to Soviet Earth in their landing capsule during the Sputnik 5 mission.

Born
1710: Thomas Simpson, British mathematician
1719: Christian Mayer, German experimental physicist, astronomer, geodesist, cartographer and meteorologist
1779: Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Swedish chemist, is considered the father of modern chemistry.
1814: Raffaele Piria, Italian doctor and chemist
1867: Richard Reinhard Emil Schorr, German astronomer
1898: Leopold Infeld, theoretical physicist with focus on relativity theory
1901: Armin Dadieu, Austrian chemist and rocket expert
1923: Tom Mike Apostol, US-American mathematician
1932: Bogdan Povh, Slovenian-German physicist

Deceased
1891: Franz Friedrich Ernst Brünnow, German astronomer
1915: Paul Ehrlich, German chemist, physician and serologist
1917: Adolf von Baeyer, German chemist and Nobel Prize winner
1997: Norris Bradbury, US-American physicist

1897: Felix Hoffmann synthesizes heroin using C. R. Wright's 1874 method. It is offered as a drug by Bayer.
1957: The world's first intercontinental rocket, the Soviet R-7, makes its first successful test flight.
1986: The sudden release of carbon dioxide from Lake Nyos in Cameroon costs more than 1,700 lives.

Born in
1665: Giacomo Filippo Maraldi, French-Italian astronomer and mathematician
1789: Augustin-Louis Cauchy, French mathematician
1813: Jean Servais Stas, Belgian chemist
1815: Gustav-Adolf Hirn, French physicist
1816: Charles Frédéric Gerhardt, French chemist
1848: Paul-Pierre Henry, French optician and astronomer
1864: Heinrich Alfred Ammelburg, German chemist and manager
1864: Richard Wolffenstein, German chemist
1895: Alexander Pavlovich Vinogradov, Russian geochemist and Vice President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR
1902: Werner Fischer, German chemist
1934: John L. Hall, American physicist and Nobel Prize winner

Deceased
1836: Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier, French mathematician and physicist

Born in
1572: Rudolf Goclenius the Younger, German physician, physicist, physician, mathematician and astronomer
1638: Georg Christoph Eimmart, Nuremberg astronomer and copper engraver
1913: Bruno Pontecorvo, Italian-Russian physicist
1929: Klaus Gersten, German mathematician, engineer and university teacher
1941: Hannspeter Winter, Austrian physicist

Deceased
1985: Paul Peter Ewald, German physicist

1614: The Reichsuniversität Groningen is founded.
1785: The first steam engine built by James Watt is officially put into operation in Germany on the König-Friedrich shaft near Hettstedt.
1887: In the Merchandising Marks Act passed by parliament, Great Britain requires the country of origin to be indicated on all imported industrial products. "Made in Germany" is born.
1910: The first official passenger flight of an airship in Germany takes place.

Born in
1605: Paul Marquard Schlegel, German physician and botanist
1683: Giovanni Poleni, Italian mathematician and astronomer
1766: Johann Centurius von Hoffmannsegg, German botanist, entomologist and ornithologist
1769: Georges Cuvier, French naturalist, founder of scientific palaeontology
1797: Jean Claude Saint-Venant, French mathematician and physicist
1811: Auguste Bravais, French physicist, co-founder of crystallography
1842: Osborne Reynolds, British physicist
1855: Heinrich Beckurts, German chemist and university lecturer
1870: Friedrich Auerbach, German chemist
1872: Elsa Neumann, German physicist
1875: William Henry Eccles, British physicist
1888: Ivar Asbjørn Følling, Norwegian chemist and doctor
1931: Hamilton Othanel Smith, American biochemist
1933: Manfred Donike, German cyclist and chemist
1933: Robert F. Curl, US-American chemist

Deceased
1875: Richard van Rees, Dutch mathematician and physicist
1889: Johann Georg Anton Geuther, German chemist
1957: Eugène Schueller, French chemist and founder of L'Oréal
1997: John Cowdery Kendrew, British biochemist and molecular biologist

79: The Roman cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabiae are buried during an eruption of Vesuvius.
1853: Potato chips are prepared for the first time.
1960: The Soviet Vostok Station in East Antarctica measures -88.3 °C, the lowest air temperature on earth to date.

Born in
1561: Bartholomew Pitiscus, German mathematician
1876: Carl Wilhelm Wirtz, German astronomer
1920: Richard Twiss, British physicist and radio astronomer
1939: Michael E. Phelps, US-American mathematician and chemist

Deceased
1633: Ambrosius Rhode, German mathematician, astronomer and physician
1832: Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, French physicist
1888: Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius, German physicist
1982: Giorgio Abetti, Italian astronomer
2002: Cornelis Johannes van Houten, Dutch astronomer

Born in
1561: Johan Philip Lansberg, Dutch astronomer
1889: Georg Agde, German chemist
1898: Helmut Hasse, German mathematician
1900: Hans Adolf Krebs, German, later British physician and biochemist
1903: Arpad Elo, American physicist and statistician
1928: Herbert Kroemer, German physicist

Deceased
1626: Zacharias Brendel the Elder, German philosopher, physicist, physician and botanist
1822: Wilhelm Herschel, German-British astronomer, musician and composer
1867: Michael Faraday, British physicist and chemist
1883: Hermann Müller, German botanist, correspondent of Charles Darwin, discoverer of Coevolution
1908: Antoine Henri Becquerel, French physicist, discoverer of radioactivity, Nobel Prize winner
1953: Hans Eduard Fierz (Hans Eduard Fierz-David), Swiss chemist

1665: The amateur astronomer Johann Abraham Ihle from Leipzig is the first to observe a globular cluster, the M22, through his telescope.
1978: The NVA officer Sigmund Jähn is the first German to launch into space in Soyuz 31.

Born
1728: Johann Heinrich Lambert, German mathematician and physicist
1743: Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier, French chemist
1850: Charles Richet, French physician and Nobel Prize winner
1878: Lina Stern, Latvian physiologist and biologist
1882: James Franck, US-American physicist
1934: Ugo Amaldi, Italian experimental physicist
1951: Edward Witten, US-American mathematician and physicist

Deceased
1349: Thomas Bradwardine, English mathematician, philosopher and theologian
1987: Georg Wittig, German chemist and Nobel Prize winner
1998: Frederick Reines, US-American physicist and Nobel Prize winner

1883: The Krakatau volcano in Indonesia emits the most violent of several eruptions since the previous day. The eruption, tidal waves (tsunamis) and pyroclastic flows kill at least 36,000 people.

Born in
1635: Michael Strauch of German Mathematicians
1850: Augusto Righi, Italian physicist
1858: Giuseppe Peano, Italian mathematician and linguist
1874: Carl Bosch, German chemist, technician, industrialist, military economy leader, Nobel Prize winner
1885: Ellen Lax, German industrial physicist
1896: Leon Theremin, Russian physicist, inventor and musician, pioneer of electronic music
1903: Rudolf Kühnhold, German physicist
1922: Arnulf Schlüter, German astrophysicist
1928: Osamu Shimomura, Japanese biochemist and Nobel Prize winner

Deceased
1958: Ernest O. Lawrence, US nuclear physicist and Nobel Prize winner
2003: Martha Chase, US-American biochemist

1789: Wilhelm Herschel discovers the Saturn moon Enceladus.1898: The pharmacist Caleb Bradham renames the drink he invented Brad's Drink Pepsi-Cola.

Born
1784: Nicaise Auguste Desvaux, French Professor of Botany
1801: Antoine-Augustin Cournot, French mathematician and economic theorist
1823: Charles Christopher Parry, North American botanist
1867: Maxime Bôcher, US-American mathematician
1912: George Alcock, British astronomer
1932: Yakir Aharonov, Israeli physicist

Deceased
1863: Eilhard Mitscherlich, German chemist and mineralogist
1880: Charles Thomas Jackson, American physician, chemist, geologist and mineralogist

1751: The largest wine barrel in the world is completed in the cellar of Heidelberg Castle. It can hold 221,726 litres of wine.
1831: Michael Faraday discovers electromagnetic induction.
1982: The chemical element Meitnerium is produced for the first time at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (then the Society for Heavy Ion Research) in Darmstadt.

Born
1756: Jan Śniadecki, Polish mathematician and astronomer
1815: Franz Varrentrapp, German chemist
1857: Paul Friedländer, German chemist
1910: Engelbert Broda, Austrian chemist and physicist
1919: János Rácz, Hungarian mathematician, teacher and author
1959: Stephen Wolfram, British mathematician

Deceased
1862: Francesco Carlini, Italian astronomer and geodesist
1868: Christian Friedrich Schönbein, German-Swiss chemist
1873: Hermann Hankel, German mathematician

Born in
1745: Johann Hieronymus Schroeter, German lawyer, senior civil servant and one of the most famous astronomers of his time
1843: Carl Theodor Albrecht, German astronomer and chief of the Prussian geodesy
1852: Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist, first Nobel Prize winner in chemistry
1856: Carl Runge, German mathematician
1860: Richard Küch, German physicist and chemist
1869: Georg Graf von Arco, German physicist
1871: Ernest Rutherford, British nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize winner
1884: The Svedberg, Swedish chemist
1912: Edward Mills Purcell, US-American physicist

Deceased
1928: Wilhelm Wien, German physicist, Nobel Prize winner
1940: Joseph John Thomson, British physicist, Nobel Prize winner
2004: Fred Whipple, US-American Astronomer

Born in
1634: Paul Ammann, German physician and botanist
1663: Guillaume Amontons, French physicist
1729: Hans Jacob Mumenthaler, Swiss chemist and mechanic
1777: Jean Pierre Joseph d'Arcet, French chemist
1786: Eugène Chevreul, French chemist
1821: Herrmann von Helmholtz, German physiologist and physicist, in Potsdam
1842: Adolf Pinner, German chemist
1881: Emanuel Goldberg, Russian-Jewish chemist, technician and inventor
1887: Friedrich Adolf Paneth, German-Austrian chemist
1905: Robert Bacher, US nuclear physicist (Manhattan Project)
1913: Bernard Lovell, British astrophysicist
1916: Robert Hanbury Brown, English physicist and radio astronomer
1946: Helmut Panke, German physicist and manager
1949: David Politzer, US-American physicist and Nobel Prize winner

Deceased
1834: Karl Ludwig Harding, German astronomer
1900: John Bennet Lawes, British agricultural chemist
1940: Raymond Smith Dugan, US-American astronomer
2002: George Porter, British chemist, Nobel Prize winner