Important Scientists

378 B.C.: Babylonian astronomers record their observation results of the lunar eclipse of April 1st (15th Addaru II)

Born in
1640: Georg Mohr, Danish mathematician
1776: Sophie Germain, French mathematician
1803: Miles Joseph Berkeley, British clergyman and botanist
1813: Karl Friedrich Rammelsberg, German chemist, in Berlin.
1865: Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, Austrian chemist, in Vienna. In 1925 he received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on colloidal chemistry.

Died
1668: Johannes Agricola, German physician, alchemist and saline expert
1863: Jakob Steiner, Swiss mathematician
1872: Hugo von Mohl, German botanist
1968: Lev Davidovich Landau, Russian physicist

Born
1618: Francesco Maria Grimaldi, Italian theologian, physicist and mathematician
1647: Maria Sibylla Merian, German-Dutch botanist and illustrator

1844: Oskar Loew, German chemist
1874: Frank Elmore Ross, American astronomer and physicist
1898: Chiungtze C. Tsen, Chinese mathematician

1923: G. Spencer-Brown, English mathematician, psychologist, and author

1924: Hans Faillard, Professor of Biochemistry and Physiological Chemistry
1934: Paul Cohen, American mathematician and theorist

Died
1244: Henrik Harpestræng, Danish botanical and medical author

1742: James Douglas, Scottish physician and anatomist

1747: Johann Jacob Dillen, German botanist
1872: Samuel Morse, US inventor
1928: Theodore William Richards, American chemist, Nobel Prize winner
2007: Henry L. Giclas, American astronomer and academic

1966: The Soviet space probe Luna 10 is the first satellite to enter orbit around the moon. The Soviet Union thus continues to have a lead over the USA in the "race into space".

Born in
1841: Hermann Carl Vogel, German astrophysicist
1846: Benjamin Daydon Jackson, English botanist
1884: Arthur Erich Haas, Austrian physicist
1892: Hans Rademacher, German mathematician
1896: Nikolai N. Semenov, Soviet chemist.

Died
1617: John Napier, Scottish mathematician
1910: Richard Abegg, German chemist, died in Ticino. Among other things, he introduced the term electroaffinity.
1958: Emil Abel, Austrian chemist

1460: The University of Basel, founded by Pope Pius II, is inaugurated. This makes it the oldest university in Switzerland.
1905: An earthquake measuring 8.6 on the Richter scale in Kangra, India, kills around 19,000 people.

Born in
1688: Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, French astronomer
1809: Benjamin Peirce, American mathematician and astronomer
1846: Raoul Pictet, Swiss physicist
1871: Arthur Wehnelt, German physicist
1892: Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth, German astronomer

Deceased
1617: John Napier, a Scottish mathematician, introduced the logarithm.
1807: Jérôme Lalande, French mathematician and astronomer
1870: Heinrich Gustav Magnus, German chemist and physicist, in Berlin.
1919: Sir Williams Crookes, British physicist, chemist and science journalist, in London. His achievements included the discovery of the element thallium.
1929: Karl Benz, German automotive engineer
1932: Wilhelm Ostwald, German-Baltic chemist and Nobel Prize winner, in Leipzig
1976: Harry Nyquist, US-American physicist
1984: Scott E. Forbush, US-American geophysicist
1990: Bernhard Rensch, German evolutionary biologist

1815: The eruption of the Tambora volcano on Sumbawa in Indonesia, lasting about 14 days, begins with a first eruption. Another eruption, especially on 10 April, resulted in a total of about 100,000 deaths due to the eruption and subsequent tidal waves. Due to the volcanic winter there are also famines in Europe.
1958: The underwater mountain Ripple Rock between Vancouver Island and the Canadian mainland, which has posed a constant danger to shipping, is blown up with 1,375 tons of explosives. It is one of the largest conventional explosions in history.

Born in
1622: Vincenzo Viviani, mathematician and physicist
1804: Matthias Jacob Schleiden, German botanist and co-founder of cell theory
1877: Georg Faber, German mathematician
1935: Donald Lynden-Bell, British astronomer and astrophysicist

Deceased

1909: The US explorer Robert Peary is the first man to reach the North Pole.
2000: The US company Celera announces that it has decoded 99 percent of the human genome code.

Born in
1890: André Danjon, French astronomer
1911: Feodor Lynen, German biochemist
1913: Otto Schmitt, US biophysicist, co-founder of biomimetics and inventor
1919: Richard M. Noyes, US-American chemist
1928: James Dewey Watson, American biochemist and discoverer of DNA structure (Nobel Prize for Medicine), in Chicago.
1949: Horst Ludwig Störmer, German physicist

Deceased
1961: Jules Bordet, Belgian bacteriologist
1992: Isaac Asimov, American scientist and author

1348: The German King Charles IV founds the Alma Mater Carolina in Prague as the first German university and the first university north of the Alps.
1989: The Soviet nuclear submarine K-278 Komsomolez sinks after a fire in the stern of the Norwegian Bear Island. 42 sailors die.

Born in
1727: Michel Adanson, French botanist
1884: John Hutchinson, British botanist
1914: Walter Hugo Stockmeyer, American chemist and co-founder of the journal Macromolecules, born in Rutherford.
1944: Makoto Kobayashi, Japanese physicist and Nobel Prize winner.

Deceased
1823: Jacques Charles, French physicist, chemist, inventor and aviation pioneer
1870: Claude Félix Abel Niepce de Saint-Victor, French chemist, inventor and photographer
1941: Lazăr Edeleanu, Romanian chemist
1980: Charles Frederick Goodeve, Canadian chemist
2008: Joachim Wattendorff, German biologist

Born in
1779: Johann Salomo Christoph Schweigger, German chemist and physicist
1818: August Wilhelm von Hofmann, German chemist, in Giessen.
1868: Werner von Bolton, German chemist and materials scientist, inventor of the metallic filaments.
1911: Melvn Calvin, American biochemist, in Saint Pul. He succeeded in elucidating the dark reaction of photosynthesis. For this work he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
1936: Reinhold Albert Aman, German chemical engineer and university lecturer

Deceased
1959: Jonathan Zenneck, German physicist, radio pioneer and inventor
1984: Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Russian physicist
1992: Daniel Bovet, Italian pharmacologist, Nobel Prize winner
2013: Margaret Thatcher, British chemist, lawyer and politician, first woman Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

Born in
1770: Thomas Johann Seebeck, German physicist
1806: Isambard Kingdom Brunel, English engineer
1819: Annibale de Gasparis, Italian astronomer
1887: Heinrich Hock, German chemist

Deceased
1850: William Prout, British physician and chemist
1889: Michel Eugène Chevreul, French chemist and founder of modern pigment theory, in Paris
1982: Robert Havemann, German chemist, in Grünheide.

Born in
1766: John Leslie, Scottish mathematician and physicist
1882: Ludwig Hermann, German chemist, in Memmingen, Germany
1900: Arnold Orville Beckman, US-American chemist

Deceased
1813: Joseph-Louis Lagrange, French mathematician
1863: Giovanni Battista Amici, Italian astronomer and optician
1992: Peter Dennis Mitchell, British chemist and Nobel laureate (1978), in Bodmin.

1928: The first rocket-powered car starts on the Opel factory race track in Rüsselsheim.

Born in
1755: James Parkinson, English discoverer of Parkinson´schen disease
1908: Georg Brauer, German chemist
1953: Andrew Wiles, British mathematician

Deceased
1591: Levinus Battus, German physician
1875: Samuel Heinrich Schwabe, German astronomer
1895: Lothar Meyer, German physician and chemist

1817: The University of Halle and the University of Wittenberg merge to form the Vereinigte Friedrichs-Universität Halle-Wittenberg in Halle an der Saale.
1961: The Soviet cosmonaut Juri Gagarin flies from Baikonur aboard Vostok 1 as the first human into space.

Born in
1794: Germinal Pierre Dandelin, Belgian mathematician
1872: Georges Urbain, French chemist
1952: Christof Wetterich, German theoretical physicist

Deceased
1817: Charles Messier, French astronomer
1902: Alfred Cornu, French physicist
1930: Joseph König, German chemist
1971: Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm, Soviet physicist of Russian-German origin, Nobel Prize winner
2009: John Maddox, British chemist and science journalist

1514: Georg Tannstetter publishes Viri Mathematici quos inclytum Viennense gymnasium ordine celebres habuit. In this early approach to the history of science, the astronomers and mathematicians working in Vienna up to that time are described in detail.

Born in
1872: Jan Szczepanik, Polish chemist and inventor
1905: Bruno Rossi, Italian astrophysicist

Deceased
1853: Leopold Gmelin, German chemist
2008: John Archibald Wheeler, American physicist

1958: The Soviet satellite Sputnik II, which brought the bitch Laika into Earth orbit, burns up after 162 days in space in the Earth's atmosphere.

Born in
1629: Christiaan Huygens, Dutch astronomer, mathematician and physicist
1775: Karl Ferdinand Becker, German doctor, natural scientist, pedagogue and linguist
1875: Luigi Carnera, Italian astronomer
1914: Pehr Edman, Swedish biochemist
1927: Alan MacDiarmid, New Zealand chemist, Nobel Prize winner
1938: Bruce Alberts, US-American biochemist

Deceased
1792: Maximilian Hell, Austrian Jesuit and Astronomer
1807: Jeremias Benjamin Richter, chemist
1935: Emmy Noether, German mathematician
1936: Georg Wiegner, German agricultural chemist and soil scientist
2011: William Lipscomb, US-American chemist
2014: Dieter Klaua, German mathematician

1912: The luxury liner Titanic sinks into the Atlantic at 2:20 a.m. after colliding with an iceberg. Between 1490 and 1517 people die.

Born in
1707: Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician
1710: William Cullen, Scottish physician and chemist
1793: Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve, German astronomer
1809: Hermann Graßmann, German mathematician
1834: Eugen Lucius, German chemist, industrialist and patron of the arts
1843: Franz Schwackhöfer, Austrian chemist, professor and university director
1871: Jonathan Zenneck, German physicist and radio pioneer
1874: Johannes Stark, German physicist, Nobel Prize winner
1896: Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Semjonow, Russian physicochemist and Nobel Prize winner
1943: Robert J. Lefkowitz, US-American chemist and Nobel Prize winner
1951: Harald Fuchs, German physicist

Deceased
1853: Auguste Laurent, French chemist
1854: Arthur Aikin, English chemist, mineralogist and author

1943: The Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann accidentally discovers the psychoactive effect of LSD in Sandoz, which he produced as early as 1938 in his search for a circulatory stimulant.

Born in
1495: Petrus Apianus, German astronomer and geographer
1682: John Hadley, English astronomer and mathematician
1728: Joseph Black, British physicist and chemist from Scotland, discoverer of carbon dioxide, magnesium, and latent heat.
1760: Sigismund Friedrich Hermbstädt, German pharmacist, chemist, technical writer and technologist
1788: Johann Friedrich Ruthe, German botanist
1822: Karl Theodor Robert Luther, German astronomer
1823: Gotthold Eisenstein, German mathematician
1847: Friedrich August Bender, German chemist and entrepreneur
1959: Grzegorz Pojmański, Polish astronomer

Deceased
1756: Jacques Cassini, French astronomer and geographer
1901: Henry Augustus Rowland, Physicist
1958: Rosalind Elsie Franklin, British biochemist
1968: Albert Betz, German physicist and pioneer of wind power technology
1989: Kaoru Ishikawa, Japanese chemist (Ishikawa diagram).

Born in
1598: Giovanni Riccioli, Italian theologian, astronomer and philosopher
1814: August Grisebach, German botanist and university professor
1853: Arthur Moritz Schoenflies, German mathematician
1946: Georges Köhler, German biologist
1952: Hans Dobbertin, German mathematician and cryptologist

Deceased
1761: Thomas Bayes, English mathematician and Presbyterian pastor
1918: Friedrich Karl Johannes Thiele, German chemist
1945: Robert Luther, chemist
2003: Jozef Schell, Belgian biochemist